Assessment of Pediatricians' Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes on Oral Health/Care in Children in the Last Decade: A Systematic Scoping Review and Critical Reflection.

Pediatricians are primary health care professionals who supervise the growth and development and treat infants and children during the first years of life. Thus, they should possess knowledge regarding oral health care, to provide anticipatory guidance, as well as dental education to parents in order to make appropriate clinical decisions. For many years, several surveys have been performed worldwide to assess the pediatricians' knowledge, awareness, and experience regarding oral health care and prevention. This work aimed to scope the existing literature and summarize the most relevant evidence about knowledge, practices, and attitudes on oral health/care among pediatricians worldwide. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source were explored. Under a structured PCC question and eligibility criteria, for relevant clinical trials and observational studies, published during the last decade. Titles and abstracts were screened. Full-text articles were critically reviewed for bias risk and a data charting table was constructed. A total of 44 references were initially identified, and 37 titles remained for abstract screening after removing duplicates; then, 27 potential full-text articles were carefully reviewed. Finally, 25 relevant and most informative studies were included. The selected studies were conducted in India, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Paraguay, Europe, Australia, Qatar, Iran, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Brazil, Chile, Germany, Taiwan, Canada, and the USA. Through included surveys, researchers have reported different levels of knowledge, practice involvement, and attitude on children's oral health among pediatricians. In general, unsatisfactory knowledge of oral health was reported. The main impediments for a better professional involvement or practice include inappropriate education, poor auto-confidence, and lack of time. So, it has been suggested that some oral health training or clinical guidelines should be included in the current medical curricula.

Oral findings and its association with prenatal and perinatal factors in newborns.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities in the newborn oral cavity and to evaluate the association with prenatal and perinatal factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2,216 newborns. Oral findings were assessed in the first 24 hours of life using visual examination. Sex, weight, length, gestational age, and medical disorders at birth were recorded. Maternal demographic and medical information was also obtained. RESULTS: The most common oral findings were Bohn's nodules, Epstein's pearls, and dental lamina cysts. Other intraoral findings included odontogenic cysts, ankyloglossia, and natal teeth, among others. In logistic regression analyses, folic acid consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with Bohn's nodules (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.55; P=0.002), Epstein's pearls (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.14-2.33; P=0.007), and dental lamina cysts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.05; P=0.038). Moreover, preterm births were negatively associated with prevalence of Bohn's nodules (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80; P≤0.0001). Comparison between newborns with and without oral inclusion cysts showed that maternal folic acid and iron intake were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Maternal folic acid and iron intake were associated with the prevalence of oral inclusion cysts.

Dental Decay and Oral Findings in Children and Adolescents Affected by Different Types of Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare dental caries and oral findings in patients affected by different types of Cerebral Palsy (CP). STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study involved 120 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of CP. WHO diagnostic criteria were used to determine DMFT (caries diagnosis), the pocket depth and attachment level (periodontitis diagnosis). Additionally, the study evaluated dental erosion, traumatic dental injuries, treatment needs index (TNI), oral habits, malocclusions, gingival overgrowth, and dental fluorosis. RESULTS: The most frequent CP type was spastic (62.5%), followed by mixed (18.3%), ataxic (10%), and athetoid (9.1). Patients affected by mixed CP showed a higher prevalence in decayed, DMFT index and TNI compared with the other types of CP (p<0.05). The frequency of malocclusion in the clinical evaluation was 87.5% and in plaster models was 49.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries was an important issue in mixed and athetoid CP groups. Oral habits and malocclusions were the most significant oral health problems in individuals with CP.

Management of the Amniotic Band Syndrome with Cleft Palate: Literature Review and Report of a Case.

Amniotic Band Syndrome (ABS) is a group of congenital malformations that includes the majority of typical constriction rings and limb and digital amputations, together with major craniofacial, thoracic, and abdominal malformations. The syndrome is caused by early rupture of the amniotic sac. Some of the main oral manifestations include micrognathia, hyperdontia, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate, which is present in 14.6% of patients with this syndrome. The purpose of this report was to describe the clinical characteristics and the oral treatment provided to a 6-month-old male patient affected with ABS with cleft lip and palate.

Manejo estomatológico pediátrico de la hipomelanosis de ito. reporte de un caso / Dental management hypomelanosis of ito. case report

La hipomelanosis de Ito (incontinencia pigmentante acromática o nevo sistmico acrómico) es una enfermedad dermatolgica o sindrome neurocutáneo de ocurrencia rara, que consiste en la presencia de manchas dérmicas hipopigmentadas en varias partes del cuerpo, además de múltiples manifestaciones extracutáneas, principalmente del sistema nerviosocentral (posible retraso mental de diferentes grados), musculo-esqueléticas y oculares. También ha sido asociada con diversas anomalías dentales, como son la hipodoncia y el talón cuspídeo palatino. El propósito del presente artículo es reportar el manejo estomatológico proporcionado a una niña de 2 años y 7 meses de edad con hipomelanosis de Ito, en la clínica del Posgrado en Estomatolog¡a Pediátrica, de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi.

Hypomelanosis of Ito (incontinence pigmenting achromic or systemic achromic nevus) is a dermatological disease or neurocutaneous syndrome rare occurrence, with incidence of dermal hypopigmented spots in many parts of the body, and several extracutaneous manifestations, primarily central nervous system (possible mental retardation of variable degrees), optical and musculoskeletal. It has also been associated with various dental anomalies such as hypodontia and the palatal cusp heel. The purpose of this paper is to report dental management provided a girl of 2 years and 7 months old with Hypomelanosis of Ito, at the clinic of Pediatric Dentistry of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi.

Rehabilitación protésica en displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: reporte de un caso / Prosthetic rehabilitation in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: Report of a case

La displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica es un síndrome genético, caracterizado principalmente por hipohidrosis, hipotricosis e hipodoncia. Esta enfermedad es asociada con hipodoncia y atrofia de los procesos alveolares. El aspecto facial y la ausencia dental múltiple puede ser causa de problemas de socialización por parte de los niños afectados. El propósito de este reporte es describir las características y el manejo odontológico y protésico de un paciente masculino de 5 años de edad diagnosticado con el síndrome.

Hypodriotic ectotermal dysplasia is a genetic syndrome characterized mainly by hypodriosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia. This disesase is associated with hypodontia and atrophy of the alveolar process. The facial aspect and the multiple missing teeth can cause problems of socialization of the affected children. The aim of this report is to describe features and dental and prosthetic management of a 5-year-old boy, diagnosed with the syndrome.

Prevalence of oral candidiasis in chronic renal failure and renal transplant pediatric patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with candidiasis in chronic renal failure (CRF) and renal transplant (RT) patients. A cross-sectional study was made of 66 patients who were divided into 2 groups: group A (33 patients), RT patients, and group B (33 patients), who had been diagnosed with CRF. Data with respect to demographics, treatment type and duration, clinical laboratory results for blood leucocytes, oral hygiene, and diagnosis of oral candidiasis were collected. Risk factors associated with candidiasis were evaluated. Among the 66 patients, 21 showed microbiologic evidence of oral candidiasis; 12 of these were from the RT group and 9 were from the CRF patients. Children who were renally compromised (RT and CRF) presented a frequency of oral candidiasis of 31.82%, with no difference between study groups. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species from RT and CRF patients. Duration of therapy and oral hygiene were the variables associated with the presence of oral candidiasis.

Oral rehabilitation under dental general anesthesia, conscious sedation, and conventional techniques in patients affected by cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this report is to find the use of different alternatives for dental treatment, from general anesthesia to conventional techniques, in patients affected by cerebral palsy (CP) in a dental school setting. The sample was divided into two groups: (1) children, and (2) adolescents and young adults; 38 patients (20 female and 18 male) with diagnostic of CP were included. Risks and benefits of conscious sedation and general anesthesia were written into a consent form and these were discussed with parents or guardians of each affected patient. The mean age was 7.14+/-2.2 years for children's group and 18.5+/-3.06 years for adolescent and young adult group. Most children (77.3%) were classified as ASA II with a level of behavior I-II according to Frankl's scale and these patients were treated under general anesthesia (GA). For patients that were classified as of positive behavior with little necessity of dental procedures, independent of the medically compromised level, dental treatment was done with conventional techniques or with conscious sedation. Dental frequency procedures were as follows: composites, dental prophylaxis, and dental extractions in children; in adolescents and adults, important to point out is that in anterior teeth and molars endodontic treatment, and surgical procedures increased in frequency. The mixture sevoflurane-propofol worked well during pre-, peri-, and post-operative procedures. During the discharge process, most patients needed a recovery of 20-40 minutes after which they were awake and oriented, breathing comfortably with stable vital signs. It was concluded that GA with sevoflurane-propofol and conscious sedation are an excellent tool to provide dental treatment in CP patients in a dental school setting without most of the major postoperative complications, such as nausea and vomiting.

Tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo en mandíbula: reporte de un caso / Primary neuroectodermal tumor of the mandible: report of a case

El tumor neuroectodérmico es una neoplasia maligna de células redondas originada en la cresta neural. La ocurrencia de este tumor en cabeza y cuello es rara. Comunicamos una pacientes mexicana de 5 meses de edad con un tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo en estadio IV, en la mandíbula

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the jaw: report of a case.

The neuroectodermal tumor is a malignant neoplasm of round cells originated from the neural crest. The occurrence of this tumor in head and neck is rare. A 5 month old Mexican patient with a primitive neuroectodermic tumor stage IV, in the jaw is reported.

Osteodistrofia hereditaria de Albright (pseudohipoparatiroidismo, pseudopseudohipoparatiroidismo). Reporte de un caso / Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (pseudohypoparatiroidism). Report of a case

En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de la literatura del síndrome de osteodistrofia hereditaria de Albright, así como el reporte de un caso detectado en la consulta de la Maestría de Estomatología Pediátrica de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí

Trauma facial perinatal / Birth facial trauma

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación clínica sobre la prevalencia de trauma facial perinatal detectado en el Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto" de San Luis Potosí, en un periodo comprendido del 1§ de febrero de 1993 al 31 de enero de 1994. Hubo un total de 4,466 nacimientos vivos, de los cuales 3,166 fueron partos normales, 529 se utilizaron forceps, 771 fueron por cesárea existiendo un total de 22 casos de traumatismo facial. Esto representó un total de 0.49 por ciento de todos los nacimientos. En los que se usaron forceps hubo 14 con trauma facial (2.6 por ciento), en los que se realizó cesárea se presentaron 3 (0.38 por ciento) y de los 3,166 nacimientos normales hubo (0.15 por ciento)

Síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal: informe de dos casos / Melkersson-Rosenthal's Syndrome. Report of two cases

Se describen dos pacientes con el síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal (SMR), uno de ellos con parálisis facial reacurrente. Los principales hallazgos clínicos en ambos casos fueron edema labial importante y lengua escrotal. Se sometieron a tratamiento con quiloplastía de reducción y esteroides. Aparentemente la incidencia es rara en nuestro medio, pero es muy probable que algunos casos ocurran en forma imcompleta. Se hace una revisión de la literatura y se comentan las modalidades de diagnóstico y tratamiento

Fisura labiopalatina. Análisis epidemiológico de 121 pacientes / Cleft and lip palate. An epidemiological analysis of 121 patients

El propósito de este estudio, es determinar algunas variables antropométricas, sociodemográficas y factores de riesgo en 121 pacientes en fisura labial y/o palatina, atendidos en el servicio de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital Central de San Luis de Potosí. Se observaron 94 pacientes con fisura labiopalatina; 14 con fisura labial y 13 con fisura palatina. Hubo una mayor preponderancia de varones en todas las fisuras excepto en la labial. En las fisuras labiopalatinas y labiales aisladas el lado izquierdo fue el más afectado (41.7 por ciento), seguida de la bilateral (36.1 por ciento). Los estudios nacionales de estos defectos son escasos, por lo que es indispnsable contar en cada institución con registros clínicos adecuados para planear en forma óptima los recursos técnicos y humanos idóneos, para el mejor tratamiento de estos pacientes

Terapia de regulación orofacial mediante la placa Castillo-Morales modificada en el sindrome de Down. Informe preliminar / Orofacial regulation therapy by through the modified Castillo-Morales splint in Down syndrome. A preliminary report

Se informe el caso de un niño con sindrome de Down (SD) con sialorrea persistente, dificultades para la masticación y deglución, así como problemas para el habla. Se le colocó una placa de acrílico de Castillo-Morales modificada, con bandas ortodónticas a segundos molares temporales superiores, para uso contínuo. Con lo anterior, se observó una mejoría notable para la alimentación, deglución y lenguaje. Se concluye que la placa de Castillo-Morales modificada debe ser utilizada en los niños con SD para disminuir los efectos orofaciales de la hipotonía

Sindrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal: informe de un caso / Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: report of a case

Se describen dos pacientes con el sindrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal (SMR), uno de ellos con parálisis facial recurrente. Los principales hallazgos clínicos en ambos casos fueron edema labial importante y lengua escrotal. Se sometieron a tratamiento con queiloplastia de reducción y esteroides. Aparentemente, la incidencia es rara en nuestro medio, pero es muy probable que algunos casos ocurran en forma incompleta. Se hace una revisión de la literatura y se comentan las modalidades de diagnóstico y tratamiento

Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: informe de tres casos / Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia: report of three cases

El objetivo de esta comunicación es informar sobre tres pacientes con displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica (DEH) en las que se incluye un sindrome de Rapp Hodking. Se hace especial hincapié en las manifestaciones clínicas y consideraciones en el tratamiento multidisciplinario